Unit 1
Words in use
1. As the gender barriers
, the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.
2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can
customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.
3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to
his personal goals.
4. He is a man with a(n)
business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.
5. The
of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.
6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to
the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.
7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother’s skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as
as a man in his forties.
8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but
code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.
9. The senators didn’t expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got
and didn’t know what to say.
10. This newly established university supports the
that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.
Word building
1. Contrary to the predictions of some local economists, who always warned that higher wages and benefits would lead to slower growth and business
, these policies had exactly the opposite effect.
2. There are growing concerns about the climate effects, such as melting ice caps, droughts, floods, etc., due to rising
greenhouse gas concentrations.
3. Long considered one of the great
, goose liver most commonly appears on the menu of French dishes in high-end restaurants.
4. For the sake of the world’s future prosperity and for its elimination of hunger and disease, reforms and innovations must be pursued with
.
5. Many smart people became accountants instead of scientists because the science they were exposed to in school made
seem more attractive by comparison.
6. Despite the deepening economic
, he believes automobile sales will likely grow vigorously over the next three years as long as loan interest rates remain low.
7. The nearby high-tech park helps the university become a(n)
for some of the most ambitious young business minds from around the country.
8. Photographs of this quality are rare among UFO photographs, but in this particular shot you can clearly see a disc-shaped
object.
9. Since the scope of agriculture is wide, the administrators and information personnel involved in it must have a good
of the field.
10. Employers decide to create a(n)
only when the expected profit of a filled job exceeds the hiring costs for a new employee.
11. Parents often suffer deep feelings of
if their children fail to succeed, or don’t turn into responsible and law-abiding members of society.
12. I respect the need for
at a particular point in family life. But I do believe that family members do better when they can speak openly about things that really matter.
Banked cloze
Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brain or left-brain thinker? From books to television programs, you have probably heard the term 1)
numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to 2)
which type best describes you.
Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions? Over the years, a theory that has 3)
in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are 4)
for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will depend on which side of his brain works more actively.
People who rely more 5)
on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with 6)
ability like singing, painting, writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite 7)
in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and 8)
in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills.
While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been 9)
and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, if you are usually 10)
in trying to follow verbal instructions, an activity often cited as a right-brain characteristic, you can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills.
Expressions in use
1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings 1)
green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.
2. As urban populations exported finished goods 2)
raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.
3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames 3)
nearby.
4. Biology teachers often 4)
the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.
5. They would like to 5)
their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.
6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to 6)
a fool 7)
him in front of the entire class.
7. The couple 8)
never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn’t have to be looked after by strangers.
8. The president said that it’s the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he 9)
the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.
Unit 2
Words in use
1. We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school
in literary and reasoning skills.
2. In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible
if he violates the law.
3. The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic
as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.
4. The delicious meal
our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.
5. The military insists on
in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity.
6. My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n)
of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.
7. When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes
her dress.
8. It was necessary to provide living places for
immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.
9. They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen
, including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.
10. She wanted a beautiful and elegant
to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn’t find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.
Word building
1. The Internet challenges the
of traditional media such as newspapers and television as the main sources of news in modern society.
2. Some scientists warn that the X-ray
now being used to screen passengers at many airports may be harmful to the human body.
3. Many people think that a(n)
should have very strong morals, in addition to beliefs in a philosophy that focuses on human values and concerns.
4. The police interviewed all six witnesses, but none of them could describe clearly how the
began and who opened fire first.
5. In politics,
are people who generally support social changes to create a more equal society and show concern for those who suffer disadvantages.
6. A study of mid-level administrators’ career
showed that many of these managers view their current position as a temporary step on an upward path.
7. The idea that the United States is a melting pot implies that racial differences are to be
and that immigrants should give up their own cultural traditions.
8. Effective measures should be taken to prevent
from attacking civilians, people who have no power to defend themselves from bombs and guns.
9. Toyota is one of the world’s largest
of cars, with more than 50 plants across the globe outside Japan.
10. He sent his parents some of his recent news articles in a(n)
, arranged according to their publication dates.
11. This island became a colony after European
decided to use it as their trading port in the 19th century.
12. The concert to be held next month promotes music by
from Africa and South America.
Banked cloze
I was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant, creative and driven person I’d ever known. I told her these things often because she didn’t see herself this way, despite 1)
great success and acclaim (称赞) in her professional field. She was also 2)
and sexy, though she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But while I thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was 3)
attractive.
My experience with this girlfriend exemplifies a common phenomenon in life – when it comes to complimenting a woman, men often walk a very difficult line. Of course, 4)
matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it may be important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her clothes and 5)
are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and 6)
for their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin 7)
and elegant outfits.
Unfortunately, most guys don’t understand this. If we receive compliments from women, they’re usually about our achievements, not our looks. Most of us don’t expect a woman to tell us how 8)
or sexy we are, and some of us would find it hard to regard such a(n) 9)
as sincere.
I’m not saying it’s very hard to be a guy these days. It is important for every man to understand how to treat women with both respect and 10)
. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference, especially when it comes to looks.
Expressions in use
1. Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness
introducing people to healthier lifestyles.
2. Do you know who
the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.
3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and
to bed.
4. When I was young, I
maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another.
5. To make immigrants comfortable
police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.
6. Mary was often accused of “having a strong personality” because she was not afraid to
subjects about which she was knowledgeable.
7. At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to
his campaign promise.
8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers
customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.
Unit 5
Words in use
1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to
anything to mislead the public.
2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the
head of the organization’s scholarship program for five years.
3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important
clues – dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.
4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the
influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.
5. The label “Smart Choices” on the front of food packages usually
products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.
6. The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three
years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.
7. In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10
were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.
8. The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them
something about going out for a movie with friends.
9. This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a
of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.
10. You shouldn’t feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or
in his words.
Word building
1. Some African countries have started a new program to
wildlife by giving local people greater control over hunting.
2. She hurt her wrist last week after falling from her bicycle. Now it is swollen, and she has trouble
her coat.
3. The author of this book is a(n)
expert, so we believe that he can give a logical and objective description of the event.
4. As an experienced doctor in cancer treatment, she has offered
services on drug development to a number of medical companies.
5. The man was not usually so
, and thus his colleagues were all surprised when he proposed this creative use of studio techniques.
6. At the conference, the speaker presented a(n)
analysis of the results from his year-long experiment by using a group of tables and charts that contain detailed statistical data.
7. In this coming week, the finance minister will
the budget, the annual report of the country’s economy, and the government’s plans for tax and spending for the year.
8. As a manager, David likes his employees to be
, to state or ask in a calm and direct manner what they want or need.
9. The stock market fluctuated wildly last month, which
investors because they were afraid that the big losses they suffered two years ago would happen again.
10. Parents mostly want their children to attend a good school. Hence, the quality of a school can play a(n)
role in helping families choose where to live.
11. After you drink a cup of coffee, it takes about 30 minutes for the caffeine to work its way through your
tract and into your bloodstream.
12. There is a general belief that social science is
and therefore not rigorous. However, this may not be true since social scientists also employ rigorous thinking in their research.
Banked cloze
Stereotypes have some truth mixed in with a few generalizations. Sometimes these generalizations can be misleading as they are often based on observation of the 1)
behavior of people in a certain culture. Spaghetti, pasta, mafia (黑手党), gestures, fashion – these are some words commonly used to describe Italians. How much truth is there in the stereotype? As an Italian myself, I will give you some 2)
into the Italian soul and clarify some misunderstandings that foreigners have about us.
Spaghetti and pasta are sacred. You can’t take pasta away from an Italian meal; otherwise it won’t be 3)
. A typical Italian meal generally includes pasta as a starter, fish or meat with salad as the main 4)
, followed by fruit or dessert, and then coffee. But there are considerable regional differences in Italy, and hence 5)
exist between the stereotype and reality. For instance, you might find risotto (加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭) replacing pasta in some places!
The Mafia is real: We are not proud of it, but it does exist, especially in the South and on the island of Sicily. Obviously, not every Italian is a member of the Mafia, and most will be 6)
if you use the term, even if you are just joking.
Yes, the way we speak is unique. Italians use 7)
a lot in communication. We simply cannot talk without our hands. If the hands are busy doing something else, we start moving shoulders or other parts of the body.
We are also fashion victims. You can recognize Italians by the way they dress from head to toe. We wear stylish clothes and 8)
for every possible occasion. You won’t ever see an Italian wearing running shorts combined with long socks: It’s simply against our 9)
of style!
Italy is made up of many regions and provinces which are similar in some ways and 10)
in others. The stereotype contains some truth, but being Italian takes a lot more than that.
Expressions in use
1. We chatted for half an hour before he finally
: He wanted to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the names of certain potential clients.
2. Scientists at the research center identified various features that
the commodities purchased by female consumers.
3. The three mountain climbers
if the villagers had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.
4. The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he didn’t stop crying.
, his crying became more intense.
5. Since no one knew how the disease spread, they
everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other neighborhoods.
6. At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just
to talk about the harsh economic situation.
7. Mr. Rogers, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software engineer and plays folk music
.
8. These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their student bodies
the district’s enrollment, which included a large proportion of children from immigrant families.
Unit 6
Words in use
1. When I first came to this city, everything was
to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment.
2. Something growing in her brain caused damage to her
nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again.
3. The front side of the house has a(n)
arrangement of windows and doors, with the main door in the center, a side door and two windows on each side.
4. He cleaned the old machine and
the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again.
5. We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars
.
6. During his work on child protection, he often acts as a(n)
between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do.
7. Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their
in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village.
8. It’s exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you’re
the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside.
9. In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women’s rights, announcing that they would
women through education and work.
10. The basic idea of
reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.
Word building
1. The new funding program, which became
soon after it was established, served well to protect the interests of the local fishermen.
2. Studies show that abilities such as planning and reasoning may be more
of future academic success than scores in IQ or standardized tests.
3. Malaria is
throughout most of the tropical (热带的) world, producing a situation in which 40 percent of the world’s population is at risk of acquiring this disease.
4. The dictionary has a(n)
multimedia version for children, which offers them the advantage of being able to hear the words they look up or read about.
5. The explanation is largely
, with no support of actual data, and hence additional research is needed to decide whether it is correct or not.
6. If a man is interested in a woman, he may come up to introduce himself and
a conversation, but a woman is less likely to do this to a man.
7. We feel that the results will be more objective if
can answer the questions in their native language rather than in English.
8. The best deal to tour Los Angeles offered by this new travel agency is a 600-dollar all
package that covers everything – meals, hotels and flights.
9. The doctors were delighted to see that months of their
efforts paid off because Laura’s health was improving steadily.
10. Interviews of about 150 students were analyzed by using a(n)
approach, which led to the discovery of three common patterns of study habits.
11. They argue that the government should be more
to the citizens’ need for an efficient health-care system.
12. She seldom saw her father in those years when he was stationed as a news
in the Middle East.
Banked cloze
To invest in women’s education and health is important for the overall welfare of the human society. The 1)
for saying so is obvious, that is, women are playing important roles in modern society. The politicians who 2)
taxes should know that women contribute to 40 percent of the world’s production in agriculture, a quarter in industry, and a third in services. Women farmers in the developing countries grow at least 50 percent of the world’s food. In addition to 3)
income, women continue to take responsibilities for household activities such as childcare, cleaning and preparing food, which are sometimes not as 4)
and easy as generally thought.
Yet women’s productivity remains low. Improving women’s productivity can greatly benefit economic growth and poverty 5)
, which are key development goals around the world. Hence, to 6)
women’s status is a vital part of the World Bank’s strategy for broadly based economic and human resource development.
To improve women’s welfare calls for the efforts of both women and men. If long-term change in the conditions of women is to be 7)
, the actions and attitudes of men must change, rather than simply to 8)
women from old conventions. Problems affecting women are often closely related to the social 9)
between men and women. For example, it is impossible to deal with women’s health problems effectively through 10)
that involve only women. Many women’s health problems are embedded in unequal gender relation in work loads, responsibilities for family welfare, as well as access to resources and decision-making.
Expressions in use
1. The amount of oil capable of 1)
the earth is ever decreasing, and we will be officially running out of oil some day.
2. They sought to 2)
the country 3)
the old rigid traditions and to open it up to different cultures of the world.
3. In order to 4)
customers who don’t have credit cards, the company will soon allow shoppers to select products online, pick them up at its local store and pay for them in cash.
4. We should return the power to the communities and the people, so that they can 5)
important issues in their own neighborhoods.
5. Every morning the chickens flocked from all corners of the yard and 6)
loud enough to be heard in the village.
6. In the movie, Anne was a bright and charming teenager, and her parents believed she 7)
become a great writer.
7. John arrived late for the baseball game because he had to 8)
for his mom in the morning to the grocery store and the post office.
8. After her husband lost his job as a taxi driver two years ago, the family 9)
on her small earnings from housekeeping jobs.
